Terminology

Terminology:

 language development :

   Language development in children is the process through which we gain the ability to comprehend and communicate through speech. Before acquiring fluency, a child may progressively comprehend fundamental verbal patterns and increase their vocabulary throughout this stage. Additionally, language development can be defined as, the process of developing the capacity to speak, which starts with the children hearing and understanding the pitch of the mother's voice and culminates with the child being able to use words effectively to transmit thoughts and desires.

Language acquisition :

  Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the ability to comprehend and produce language, either as their first or second (third, etc.) language. The study of language acquisition provides evidence for theoretical linguistics and has practical applications in language pedagogy.

 Language delay :

   A language delay occurs when a child’s language is developing slower than other children of the same age, but it is following the typical pattern of development.

   A language delay is a type of communication disorder. Your child may have a language delay if they don't meet the language developmental milestones for their age. Their language abilities may be developing at a slower rate than most children's. They may have trouble expressing themselves or understanding others.

Voice disorders :

  Voice disorders are vocal deficits that affect functional or daily communication needs.

  Voice disorders affect the ability to speak normally. These disorders can include laryngitis, paralyzed vocal cords, and a nerve problem that causes the vocal cords to spasm. Your voice may quiver, be hoarse, or sound strained or choppy. You may have pain or a lump in your throat when speaking.

Articulation disorder :

   Articulation disorder is a common condition when your child can’t make specific sounds. For example, they may always replace “r” with “w” or “th” with “s.” The disorder isn’t related to any issues with their brain, mouth or hearing. A speech-language pathologist can diagnose the condition and help your child communicate clearly using speech therapy.

Stuttering:

   Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by repetition of sounds, syllables, or words; prolongation of sounds; and interruptions in speech known as blocks. An individual who stutters exactly knows what he or she would like to say but has trouble producing a normal flow of speech. These speech disruptions may be accompanied by struggle behaviors, such as rapid eye blinks or tremors of the lips. Stuttering can make it difficult to communicate with other people, which often affects a person’s quality of life and interpersonal relationships. Stuttering can also negatively influence job performance and opportunities, and treatment can come at a high financial cost.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) :

  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. Some people with ASD have a known difference, such as a genetic condition. Other causes are not yet known. Scientists believe there are multiple causes of ASD that act together to change the most common ways people develop. We still have much to learn about these causes and how they impact people with ASD.

 Deafness :

   Hearing impairment, deafness, or hearing loss refers to the total or partial inability to hear sounds. There are many causes and types of deafness.

  Deafness, or hearing loss, happens when one or more parts of the ear aren't working effectively. To understand this, it's useful to know how the ear works.

Aphasia :

   Aphasia is a disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain. Aphasia usually occurs suddenly, often following a stroke or head injury, but it may also develop slowly, as the result of a brain tumor or a progressive neurological disease. The disorder impairs the expression and understanding of language as well as reading and writing. Aphasia may co-occur with speech disorders, such as dysarthria or apraxia of speech, which also result from brain damage.

Dyslexia :

   Dyslexia is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding). Also called a reading disability, dyslexia is a result of individual differences in areas of the brain that process language.

   Dyslexia is not due to problems with intelligence, hearing or vision. Most children with dyslexia can succeed in school with tutoring or a specialized education program. Emotional support also plays an important role.

Dysgraphia :

   Dysgraphia is a neurological condition and learning difference in which someone has difficulty with writing for their age level.

   Dysgraphia is a term that refers to trouble with writing. Many experts view dysgraphia as challenges with a set of skills known as transcription. These skills — handwriting, typing, and  spelling — allow us to produce writing.

   Trouble expressing your thoughts in writing isn’t formally recognized as part of dysgraphia. That’s a learning disability known as written expression disorder. But when people struggle with transcription, it can get in the way of thinking about ideas and how to convey them. 

Dyscalculia :

   Dyscalculia is a learning disability in math. People with Dyscalculia  have trouble with math at many levels. They often struggle with key concepts like bigger vs. smaller. And they can have a hard time doing basic math problems and more abstract math.

Intellectual disability :

   Intellectual disability (ID), also known as general learning disability and mental retardation, is a generalized neurodevelopmental ..